The jaw crusher operates on a "crank-driven extrusion" principle with a periodic mechanical cycle. The electric motor drives the eccentric shaft through V-belts and pulleys, converting rotation into reciprocating motion of the moving jaw.

When the moving jaw rises toward the fixed jaw, the toggle plate angle increases, pushing the moving jaw forward and reducing the crushing chamber volume. The material between the two jaw plates is subjected to three simultaneous forces: compression from direct jaw pressure, grinding from inter-particle friction, and shearing from the tooth-shaped jaw plates. These combined actions break the material into smaller pieces.

When the moving jaw lowers and moves away from the fixed jaw, the toggle plate angle decreases. The pull rod and spring system helps reset the moving jaw. The discharge opening widens, allowing crushed material that meets the size requirement to fall out by gravity.

This cycle repeats continuously as the motor keeps running. Each complete forward-and-backward motion completes one crushing and discharging cycle. New material constantly enters from the top feed opening, enabling non-stop crushing production. This simple yet effective principle makes the jaw crusher ideal for high-capacity operations in mining, quarrying, and aggregate production lines.